Things to get for this page, which haven't been satisfactorily obtained yet:

To play back multimedia files, the system must have software that understands the file format. A very popular way of handling this is by having software employ the use of a codec (COmpressor/DECompressor software), or multiple codecs (one for video and one for audio). As the codecs often can be used by multiple pieces of software, and are therefore viewed as being more general purpose, they are listed first. Playback and creation/modification software is listed next.

[#codecs]: Codecs
[#vidcodec]: Video codecs
[#vidlosls]: Lossless Video
Lossless codecs preserve all video information without losing quality, making them ideal for those who are working with video creation/modification (so that one doesn't lose details and lose quality, quite possibly multiple times, as work is done on the product). However, compression ratios are not nearly as high (beneficial) as the lossy alternatives, so currently lossy videos are often used (especially for distribution over the Internet). Some lossy codecs may be buggy and create completely unusable footage so the results should be tested before being trusted (and deleting the original source material).
Lagarith Lossless Video Codec

An open source codec claiming on its main page that it "offers better compression than codecs like Huffyuv, Alparysoft, and CorePNG." Lagarith codec (v1.3.14), Lagarith codec (v1.3.14) for Windows64 (with a readme file with manual installation instructions regarding problems with install.bat failing), Lagarith 1.3.15dev Source Code, page for Mac download.

Made by the creator of Sir Lagsalots AVI Player

HuffYUV
Huffman and YUV based lossless codec. To install, use Windows Explorer to look at the files, right click on HuffYUV.inf, and click on "Install".
CorePNG
CorePNG CorePNG's support of P-frames a.k.a. "delta frames" has been called unstable by the Wikipedia page on CorePNG. The page also says "Each frame of video is compressed using PNG compression, allowing the codec to inherit all of the features of the PNG format, but also its limitations."
MSU Lossless Video Codec
Closed source, free for non-commerical use, and not free for commercial use. Charts on the project's page indicate this product results in lossless video that is compressed more than other codecs.
Others (untested/unresearched)

“The most balanced and flexible codec is FFV1: relatively good speed and high compression for various presets.” Lossless Video Codecs Comparison 2007. GPL (noted in the copyright information of web page showing ffv1.c).

Wikipedia's article on the “Snow” codec says “FFmpeg aims to get the codec to become a Request for Comments (RFC).” Lossless Video Codecs Comparison 2007 rated it slightly higher to FFV1 in compression ratio. Snow(Default) was actually rated slightly lower than Snow(max), which suggests that some options to specify maximum compression don't lead to the codec's maximum possible compression. Post on Doom9 forums by akupenguin says “Be careful of trying to play Snow with any stable release. It changes often, and isn't always backwards compatible, sometimes in subtle ways.” When checked on Friday, Sept 26, 2008, the FFmpeg page had a colored banner noting the money raised so far to get Snow to have an RFC.

MSU Lossless page on Free-Codecs.com references Lagarith, saying “the MSU Lossless Codec and FFV1 are the only codecs that outperform Lagarith in terms of compression.” (MSU Lossless) (This codec also has modes which are not lossless.) The software's home page says “This codec is free for non-commercial use.”

Lossless Video Codecs Comparison 2007 says “In Maximum Compression area the overall winner is YULS.” Itgives some more “Main conclusions” found in its comparison paper which boasts a length of 130 pages. (Apparently there are quite a few graphs in it.) YUVsoft's Lossless Video Codec (YULS) is free for non-commercial use. The software's home page says “Due to high complexity, the codec is not suitable for video capture or non-linear editing.” Tested in Win2K Pro and XP Pro.

Lossy
Media Player Codecs (official packages by Microsoft)
Software for use with QuickTime
See QuickTime area for WMV plugin
Windows Media Player Plug-in for Forefox
Windows Media Player Firefox Plugin (executable) for Windows XP SP2 and WIndows Vista, both x86 and x64.
Personal License Update Wizard
Personal License Update Wizard (executable). Windows Media Download Center says "This wizard helps you easily move your Media Library and play personally licensed content after upgrading to Windows XP or acquiring a new computer."
Encoder
Windows Media 9 Series based
Windows Media Authoring Utilities (saved local as wm9authr.htm), Encoding Audio and Video with Windows Media Codecs http://download.microsoft.com/download/f/4/2/f42d2d1d-9f88-488b-bd74-5c1a87fcd601/wmal2pcm_setup.exe http://download.microsoft.com/download/f/9/3/f93c49aa-1644-4a82-b6ee-6624c55e3010/wavavimux_setup.exe http://download.microsoft.com/download/8/f/a/8fabd198-8743-4198-b4c2-94ca0c26579e/wmcmesetup.exe http://download.microsoft.com/download/a/8/3/a83d788e-8dec-4799-b594-e9470eba7293/wm9capture_setup.exe See also: http://download.microsoft.com/download/5/1/3/51357190-e70b-40f0-94d6-36a4121b5b88/WM%20ProEx%20v2.zip.ZIP (requires Dual monitors) http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/player/premiere/default.aspx Plug-in for Adobe Premiere 6.5 (Beta), a.k.a. Adobe Premiere 6.5 Plug-in for Windows Media 9 Series
Windows Media Encoder 7.1

Windows Media Encoder 7 Introduction to Windows Media Encoder 7.1 "New features include the addition of the Microsoft Windows Media Audio 8 codec, the Microsoft Windows Media Video 8 codec, and four new profiles that make use of the version 8 codecs for real-time capture and streaming." "Windows Media Encoder 7.1 still provides support for all the features that were available in Windows Media Encoder 7" (In comparison, Windows Media Encoder 9 Series utilities documented changes in tools from Windows Media Encoder 7.)

wmencodersdk71.exe is lowercased version of a filename WMEncoderSDK71.exe mentioned at page. (The direct download URL was found via Google search: microsoft.com WMEncoderSDK71.exe. WMP71SDK.exe. Windows Media Encoder 7.1 (Portu/Spanish) http://download.microsoft.com/download/winmediatech40/wmenc71/7.1/W98NT42KMe/EN-US/wmencoder71.exe is no longer available. Download available from following third party link: wmencoder71.exe download from FileFront.com

Windows Media Encoder 4.1
This is referenced by Windows Media Hardware Product Vendors.
http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/download/AllDownloads.aspx
VCM Compression Manager
Codecs Installation Package for Windows Media Video 9 VCM (Video Compression Manager) had been described by Windows Media Download Center (when selecting "Codecs Installation Packages" from the drop down box) as follows: "encoder/decoder will enable legacy encoding and editing applications to support the Windows Media Video 9 codec in file containers such as AVI." MDGX WMP page describes this as: "allows playback of older content (WMP64) in WMP9 and playback of newer content (WMP8/WMP9) in WMP64".
Codec Installation Packages for IT Professionals
Codec Installation Package for Windows Media Player 6.4
Like the package for Windows Media Player 7.1, this offers support for Windows Media Audio 9 and 9 Voice, Windows Media Video 8, Microsoft MPEG-4 versions 1 and 2, and ISO MPEG-4 versions 1 and 1.1. It doesn't support some of the other items, but it the web page does mention support for "Windows Media Video 9 VCM", "Windows Media Screen 7", and "Windows Media Audio 9 Voice". Windows Media Encoder 9 Series FAQ indicates that WM9 codecs cannot be used with this player, but do check out the VCM Compression Manage which AXCEL216 / MDGX indicates does provide some WM9 Codec support in WMP 6.4 (as described on this page).
Codec Installation Package for Windows Media Player 7.1 and later, for Win 98/ME/2K

For Windows Media Player 7.1 through 10. Includes Windows Media Audio 9 and 9 Voice, and Windows Media Video 7, 8, 9, and 9 Screen, Microsoft MPEG-4 versions 1, 2, and 3, ISO MPEG-4 versions 1 and 1.1. (No mention of "Windows Media Video 9 VCM", "Windows Media Screen 7", or "Windows Media Audio 9 Voice" that the 6.4 codec package lists.)

(Yes, the hyperlink to the package for Windows 2000 referred to a file with 9x at the end of the base filename.)

Q324290: Windows Media Codecs Download Package Version 8.0

Windows Media Codecs Download Package Version 8.0 (downloadable executable) applies to Windows Media Player 6.4 and 7.0. For a silent installation, the executable may be run with the "/q:a" and "/r:n" parameters.

The list of supported codecs includes some not mentioned in the other packages. Actually, it is really nice and mentions which filenames handle the individual codecs. The Q324290 has been saved locally to be able to reference this.

Description of Windows Media Video 9 Series Codecs

Xvid

Xvid download page has offsite links for multiple operating systems. The Xvid Developers section: source code download may help for other operating systems. xvidcore-1.1.3.tar.bz2 has been zipped locally in xvidc113.zip

XviD movies says "The XviD codec isn't yet available for the Mac" and gives a work around involving QT and DivX, and has some downloads. Note that divxmovies.com had the same style of site logo in the corner, and it had executables that differed from the original locations at divx.com, so one may wish to be a bit cautious about what the files are that get downloaded from that site.

DivX
Overview of name
DivX 4.0 and later result from OpenDivX, and so is different software than the software "DivX ;-)" which included a winky smiley (and not the quotation marks) in its name. The "DivX ;-)" is based on some code that Microsoft did not allow for distribution. This is also rather unrelated to Circuit City's Digital Video Express which was called DIVX.
Downloads

Beware! When TOOGAM searched for DivX 5.2.1, there were many different files located. (The files must've been different because there were multiple different file sizes.) Although it appears that DivX.com has released multiple versions of some files (some from the pad directory/pages/site as discussed below), it is quite possible that many of these executables have been somehow altered, possibly with malware introduced into the file. It is generally recommended to ensure the copy of any file obtained is from an official source, but because of this, such a recommendation especially applies to DivX.

DivX 5.2.1
DivX history states about a fix in DivX 6.0 which was: "DivX codec should no longer lose its trial or registered status."
Official downloads

Note: DivX 5.2.1 is not available from files in the top of the http://download.divx.com/divx/ directory. Multiple files there (including DivX521ME98.exe and DivXPro521ME98.exe) now point to the exact same file which ends up being DivX 6. (There is no Win98/ME version of DivX 6.) When using Win98SE, the downloaded file will inform the user that it won't work on the operating system and the installer has a hyperlink that launches a web browser to view an error page stating that the specified web page no longer exists.

The files are actually still available from the site, but only from some locations.

Smaller files

These files are probably smaller. (Or maybe not? Maybe that should be checked...)

Before the existing files on the main site were located, alternative locations were sought. One thing found was that there were some files in download.divx.com/divx/pad which had information, such as file sizes, on some files. The file sizes reported differed from the files found in the official locations. They weren't available from that the pad location any longer: Any actual executables from the area, such as http://download.divx.com/divx/pad/DivX521ME98.exe, seemed to also be updated to reference some 15MB file (likely DivX 6). However, a third party site was found with files that matched these file sizes, so unless the files were altered maliciously, the following files might be valid files that, at one point, originated from divx.com.)

Smaller Downloads

DivX downloads had multiple hyperlinks that had files that seemed to be the right size according to some files on the main DivX site. This would seem to imply that they are legitimate, and they may be smaller than files obtained elsewhere.

(freeware) DivX 5.2.1 for WinME/98 is 7,587,352 bytes, matching XML stats for file.

DivX521XP2K.exe 7,680,064 bytes, matching XML stats for file.

Other files include: http://page.freett.com/flagile/DivXPro521ME98.exe and http://page.freett.com/flagile/DivXPro521XP2K.exe

Other downloads

The above downloads should be sufficient. Here are some additional download locations in case they aren't. (There's no particular reason to suggest these should be used instead. But since they were searched for and found, they're being mentioned here largely just for a record of some known other URLs.)

Download URL from Free-Codecs redirected to http://www.freecodecs.net/files/DivX521ME98.zip which contained a DivX521ME98.exe that matched an old archive where the file was downloaded from divx.com.

Matches DivX 5.2.1 for Win ME/98.

DivX 5.2.1 for Win 2K/XP matches DivX 5.2.1 for Win 2K/XP which is redirected to from file download redirector from free-codecs.com for DivX 5.2.1 for Win2K/XP. (That differs from the file pointed to from http://www.free-codecs.com/download_soft.php?d=3300&s=40 which redirects to DivX521XP2K.exe in http://ftp.freenet.de/pub/filepilot/windows/multimedia/video/divx/ so don't just assume that all mirrors on the site are the same.)

QuickTime
QuickTime accessotires
download details page for "Windows Media Components for QuickTime" by Flip4Mac TM was pointed to by the Microsoft Windows Media Download Center. Page needs Mac OS X version 10.3.9 or later and QuickTime version 7.0 or later (7.1.6 or higher recommended) Flip4Mac WMV paged is hyperlinekd to by Microsoft. WM Components 2.2.0.49.dmg http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/info.aspx?na=90&p=&SrcDisplayLang=en&SrcCategoryId=&SrcFamilyId=915d874d-d747-4180-a400-5f06b1b5e559&u=http%3a%2f%2fdownload.microsoft.com%2fdownload%2fc%2f8%2f9%2fc8951314-e056-404a-8ea8-8744e42594aa%2fWM+Components+2.2.0.49.dmg
Package/distribution options
[appleqt]: Apple's QuickTime

Apple's QuickTime codec works with the Apple Quicktime playing software, so this involves using the interface that came with that program. (To use another interface, such as that of MS WiMP, other software is needed.)

In addition to providing a codec for playing back videos, this can come with a MIDI codec.

QuickTime Alternative
The QuickTime Alternative software is compatible with MS WiMP. It does not include the QT MIDI codec, even if "Extra QuickTime plugins" checkbox is checked in the software's installation program (using QTAlt 1.56 in Win98SE).
QT Lite / QuickTime Alternative Lite

Codec Guide - QT Lite says "QT Lite contains exactly the same components as QuickTime Alternative. The ONLY difference between the two packs is that QT Lite does not contain Media Player Classic." For some earlier versions of QuickTime, there were multiple releases including one called "QuickTime Alternative Lite" which was the same concept. Final Builds Site - QuickTime Alternative says "QuickTime Alternative Lite is QuickTime Alternative without Media Player Classic."

All versions of QT Lite (1.0, 1.1, 1.11, and 1.12 and later) require Windows 2000 or later. (When the installer is run in Win98SE, a dialog box appears saying "This program requires Windows NT version 5.0 or later.") QT Lite -> History indicates that version 2.0.0 requires Windows XP or newer. (It also doesn't even mention 1.1.2. xyzzy blog: QuickTime security flaws says that "it is already rather tricky to find the 2007-11-12 QT Lite 1.1.2". QT Lite versions has a QT Lite 2.0.0 hyperlink dated just 23 hours after the 12:02am Nov 11 2007 hyperlink for QT Lite 1.1.2 so that may be why there aren't a lot of archives of that file.)

For QT Lite, and at least some QT Alternative Lite reelases, there are some archives that provide multiple versions (even if not linked to). Edskes File Download Mirror) provides links to files in http://i1.edskes.com/q/ which redirects to http URL of an ftp site (from which an ftp site is easily found). The mirros page also references http://n9.edskes.com/QT_Lite/qtlite/ which redirects to files in http://www.filesharingdownloads.be/Codecs/ which does not allow directory listings. Versions 1.1 and later of QT Lite were found in these locations, and version 1.0 was in the FTP site. Any local files have been renamed to an 8.3 structure, but originally were named qtlite*.exe where * had three digits.

QuickTime MPEG-2 Plugin
Untested: QuickTime MPEG-2 Plugin (locally renamed to qtmpeg2.exe) seems to be a wrapper that uses other QuickTime software to allow QuickTime content to be used in DirectShow enabled players. (This cannot be simply used instead of other QuickTime software.)
QuickTime Lite for VCP
Untested: Softpedia description of QT Lite for VCP
The H.264 (a.k.a. MPEG-4 AVC and MPEG-4 Part 10) codec

The QuickTime 7 codecs added H.264 support.

These don't support Windows 95/98/98SE/ME/NT, nor earlier versions of Microsoft Windows. This is true of both QuickTime 7 and also QuickTime Alternative version 1.61 which updated to QT codecs and Browser plugin versions to 7.0.2.120 and dropped support for Win95/98(SE)/Me and NT. (The earlier version of QTAlt was 1.56 and is referenced below.)

QuickTime 7 and the QT Alt program supporting the same version added support for the codec for H.264, also known as MPEG-4 AVC and MPEG-4 Part 10, and dropped support for Windows 98. If one is using Win98 and wants to use that codec, the WWW Browser add-on Flash 9.0 Update 3 added support for that codec, and so that may at least be related to a workable solution. This codec is required by the specifications of HD DVD and Blu-Ray Disc formats (per Wikipedia's article on H.264/MPEG-4 AVC).

QuickTime that is compatible with Win9x/NT
QuickTime Alternative 1.56
QuickTime Alternative 1.56 (locally renamed to qtalt156.exe) for "Windows 95, 98, 98 SE, ME, NT, 2000, XP, 2003, 2008 and Vista" (as described when checked Feb 2, 2008).
Apple's QuickTime 6.5.2
QT652forWin HTML... Version availability nicely stated: "If your operating system is older than those supported by the current versions of QuickTime, please visit AppleCare to find previous versions of QuickTime." This site pointed to QuickTime 6.5.2 for Windows (Me, 98, 2000, and XP). The download link mentioned 23MB, although the downloaded file was about 12MB. There were versions for multiple langauges: QuickTime 6.5.2 for Windows (English Release) (direct download) (renamed locally to qt652eng.exe).
QuickTime 5
QuickTime 5 for Windows 95/98/NT/ME/2K/XP had download hyperlinks for QuickTime 5.0.5 in various languages, including QuickTime 5.0.5 English (renamed qt505eng.zip locally) and QuickTime 5.0.5 International English (renamed locally to qt505ien.zip).
QuickTime 4.1.2 patch
AppleCare Support - Older Software Downloads: DOS/Windows Software Downloads has a link to QuickTime 4.1.2 upgrade near the bottom. (This is a patch and needs an older version to complete the upgrade.)
QuickTime 2.1.2 (16-bit compatible)
  • Apparently QuickTime 2.1.2 qt16.exe extracts qt16inst.exe
  • Quicktime 2.12 "The latest Quicktime version that will work with 3.1x. The archive additionally contains the Quicktime Internet-Plugin v. 1.1."
Real
Real has released several players. There is also Real Alternative.
Real Alternative
Real Alternative Lite
Final Builts Site - Real Alternative says "Real Alternative Lite is Real Alternative without Media Player Classic." This is recommended if Media Player Classic is not wanted, or if that software is going to be downloaded separately anyway (such as if it is included in another package like QuickTime Alternative).

Note: There are a couple of limitations to know about before putting hope in installing this product. As quoted in the text when installing the program:

  • RealMedia .smi and .smil files are not fully supported. Only the first part of a clip will be played. Luckily these two file formats are not used very often.
  • The RealMedia DirectShow splitter doesn't work with streaming content. So you can't play streaming RealMedia in for example Windows Media Player. However, Media Player Classic fully supports streaming RealMedia.
Real Alternative

This is basically a combination of Real Alternative Lite with a bundled version of Media Player Classic and an option during installation on whether or not to install that version of Media Player Classic. It is recommended to just get Real Alternative Lite if Media Player Classic is going to be downloaded separately, which will be the case if installing some other packages (like QuickTime Alternative) that include MPC, or if just downloading MPC by itself.

Real Alternative 1.52 comes with "Media Player Classic [version 6.4.9.0+ SVN build 2007-03-25]" (as described by its installer). That takes up 4.1MB if installed, and the checkbox to install MPC is checked on by default.

RealNetworks software (official Real software)

PC World's "The 25 Worst Tech Products of All Time" rates RealNetworks RealPlayer as #2. Integrating advertisements so they show when the program is actively run, or possibly even if it is simply installed and running in the background, was one unpleasant issue. Another is that new versions came with new names, such as RealPlayer G2 (version 6) and RealOne Player Version 2 (released between RealPlayer 8 and RealPlayer 10) led to utter confusion as to what version is the latest.

The Real Legacy Software Archive contains links to many old versions of software.

  • RealPlayer 10.5 for Win98SE/ME/2KSP2 with 64MB of RAM, or XP with 128MB RAM. Needs IE 5.0 or later.
  • RealPlayer10GOLD.exe for Win NT4.0SP6/98SE/Me/XP/2KSP2
  • RealOne Player Version 2 (RealOnePlayerV2GOLD.exe) lists Win2K, and doesn't mention 2KSP2
  • RealPlayer for Win95/98 (rp8-setup.exe) (an old note TOOGAM wrote, probably from an old version of the Legacy Software Archive: "(Win95 Minimum, recommended is Win95/98/2K/NT4.0SP4). Later versions (RealOne Player Version 1 and RealPlayer 10) listed a need for Win98SE in the system requirements, even if not the description, so this would be the latest for Win98)"
  • RealPlayer 5 (16-bit) for Win 3.1/95/NT3.51
  • RealAudio Player 3 (16-bit)

The following came from notes that were made citing the Real Legacy Software Archive as helping to clarify, even though the page seems to have less information now.

  • RealAudio Player 3 and RealPlayer 5 existed for Windows 3.1. I believe the main difference there is that RealPlayer had support for video.
  • RealJukebox 2 is listed after (and is hence presumed to be older than) RealAudio Player 3 (in the WinNT4/98/Me/XP/2K directory), which is listed as older than RealPlayer 4.
  • A product is known as "Real Player G2 (version 6)". Of course, when it was released as a newer version, the "version 6" wasn't so prominantly visible on their main page.
  • A product known as "RealOne Player" ("RealOne Player Version 1" and "RealOne Player Version 2") is listed in between RealPlayer 8 and RealPlayer 10. One can therefore guess that this can logically be thought of as version 9 in the RealPlayer lineup (just as Microsoft's "Windows Media Player for Windows XP", released between "Windows Media Player 7.1" and "Windows Media Player Series 9", is viewed as being version 8, even if it is rarely ever called that by the developer who made the software).
(Other lossy codecs)
...
Other, if not lossless/lossy-only
Some codec packages by Microsoft for Windows Media, and by Apple, may have both lossless and lossy versions. (This would need to be researched further in order to be substantially expanded.)
[#audcodec]: Audio Codecs
Some audio codecs are included in the video codec package(s), such as the Codec package by Microsoft.
Hybrid (lossy+correction)
Overview
A couple of formats support both lossy and lossless. They are able to make a file with lossy compression, plus a separate correction file that, when combined with the file made with lossy compression, can losslessly produce the original sound again. This seems like a great idea, because if someone then wants to use lossy compression due to its greater compressability, this can be accomplished very quickly by simply excluding the correction files.
WavPack (by David Bryant)
WavPack downloads page has source code, which FLAC comparison (overview) page says is "released under the BSD license". The HydrogenAudio forums have a post with WavPack 4.42 alpha 2 release. David Bryant's name is mentioned so prominently, right by the title, because TOOGAM believes he came across some other software called WavPack.
OptimFROG Lossless Audio Compression
Version 1.210b's SDK, including source code, was released March 4, 2006. Version 4.600ex was released about 3 months later, July 3, and was marked as an experimental version. Its source code does not appear to be available from OptimFROG downloads page.
Lossless
Looking for lossless audio? Be sure to also check out the hybrid encoders that can compress losslessly. The effectiveness of lossless audio depends on the sound (with classical music compressing better than heavy metal), and the results of all these codecs vary less than 10% (based on FLAC's Comparison page (with ratios) where Shorten was at 58.11% and La 0.3c was at 49.86%). This may differ as newer versions come out.
Overview
Robin Whittle's Lossless Audio Compression page, who developed an algorithm, states that the way that compression percentages are varying "seems to indicate the best of the algorithms is getting close to some unknown theoretical limit." There are some comparison pages, including FLAC comparison (overview) and FLAC comparison page (with ratios).
Actual codecs
FLAC - Free Lossless Audio Codec
An open source codec.
Codec called LA (which stands for Lossless Audio)
Often providing the best compression ratio, but no source code. Fairly slow. Exists for Windows and Linux.
Tom's Lossless Audio Kompressor (TAK)
Actually called (T)om's verlustfreier (A)udio(k)ompressor, which is German, so the K is not a misspelling.
The True Audio (TTA)
...
Moneky's Audio
...
MPEG-ALS
Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Lossless Coding, an extention to MPEG4 audio.
Lossy
MP3, Ogg
[#mmsoftw]: Playback and modification software
Multimedia Playback software

Playback software may be smaller, more optimized, and at a lower cost than editors (when editors are not provided for free). However, editors often include the ability to playback what is being edited, so feel free to also check back the Multimedia file editors section as well.

[#playvid]: Video Playback

This section is meant to cover video players. Many may also play sound files. Some codecs are often required.

Microsoft Windows Media Player (MS WiMP)
Download page
Media Player Download Page
Other versions
6.3 for Solaris?
5.2
web page, mp52beta.exe
Windows Media Player 6.4

Windows Media Player 6.4.07.1112 for Windows 95 and NT4 (English Version) requires Win95, 98, "Windows NT® Server or Workstation 4.0 with Service Pack 3 (audio, illustrated audio, and video)" (according to system requirements). Windows Media Player Plug-in for Netscape Navigator can be run if Netscape Navigator 4.x is installed after MS WiMP 6.4.

To install WiMP 6.4.07.1121, obtain the WiMP 6.4.07.1121 CAB file and install MS IE 5 or 6. Then follow directions (obtained from MDGX.Com WMP6): Extract the CAB file's contents (with 7-zip) into a directory such as C:\TEMP\ and then use the following RUNDLL32.EXE commands in order:
RUNDLL32.EXE ADVPACK.DLL,LaunchINFSection C:\TEMP\AMOV4IE.INF,DefaultInstall
RUNDLL32.EXE ADVPACK.DLL,LaunchINFSection C:\TEMP\MPLAYER2.INF,DefaultInstall
However, perhaps WM308567 does just as well?

download details page, KB925398/MS06-078, Q308567/KB308567/WM308567 overview, download details to choose language for 308567, Wm320920_64 package (cumulative)

There may be multiple versions of Windows Media Player 6 installed at once. Windows Media Player 6.01.05.0217 (according to Help, About) is located in "\Program Files\Windows Media Player\MPlayer2.Exe" when Windows 98 SE is installed. If installing a newer version of Media Player then there may be a WMPlayer.Exe in the same directory which is a newer version while the MPlayer2.Exe may still exist as the older, slimmer version. An even simpler version may also exist as MPlayer.exe in the directory where Windows was installed to.

Hardware acceleration settings can improve performance by setting them high, but lowering/disabling hardware acceleration can help enable screenshots (by pressing Print Screen to copy the screen to the clipboard, and then pasting into a graphics application) and can even make some software (like codecs and/or video drivers) be able to play some files (like MPEG files) better (like showing correct colors). This can be done using the system-wide accelleration settings at Start, Control Panel, System, Performance Tab, ("Advanced settings" section's) Graphics... button. However, there also may be a setting in Windows Media Player that just affects Windows Media Player without affecting video acceleration of the entire operating system. In Windows Media Player 6.4.07.1112 (and not in 6.01.05.0217), the setting can be found by visiting the View Menu, selecting Options, and looking on the Playback tab. In the lower-right corner of that tab is a Video section, and underneath Zoom is a "Hardware accleration" slidebar. In general, performance does not usually degrade by sliding that bar all the way to the left (to "None") and causes screenshotting to work.

DVD Playback options can be enabled using MP6 DVD UI registry file.

Windows Media Player 7.0

This can be useful for Win95 users to get WMP 7.1 installed, according to WMP 7.1 on Win95 guide. Windows Media Player 7.1 guide on mozdev KB269605, KB269233, Q268874 (unattended install) with /Q:A /R:N /C:"setup_wm.exe /Q /R:N"

No longer at the http://download.microsoft.com/download/winmediaplayer/wmp7/7/NT5/EN-US/wmp7.exe location. The following files seemed consistent, so hopefully they're nice and athentic, but they haven't been verified yet:
http://download.oldversion.com/wmp70.exe
http://www.mywindowspage.com/mp7.zip
9,547,408 bytes? http://download.upol.cz/Nastroje/Zvuk/wmp7.exe is 9,543,408 bytes like http://hashes.castlecops.com/hash6496321-wmp7_exe.html http://karinto2.mine.nu/index.php?mpeg4

Windows Media Player 7.1
Page about Windows Media Player 7.1 (for Win 98), Windows Media Player 7.1 (for Win 98), Page about Windows Media Player 7.1 for Mac OS 8.1 to 9.x, Windows Media Player 7.1 for Mac OS 8.1 to 9.x. MDGX WMP7 has reference to an unofficial WMP71 for Win95/OSR1/OSR2/NT4.
Windows Media Player for Windows XP

This product was not usually officially called Windows Media Player 8. This was the version bundled with Windows XP that was newer than Windows Media Player 7.1, but released before Windows Media Player 9. Q324290/KB324290 refered to "Windows Media Player 7, 7.1 and 8" but Microsoft didn't seem to frequently refer to it as version 8. (There wasn't any other version 8, at least not one released for Windows 98 or XP or other mainstream versions meant for desktop PC systems.)

Windows Media Player 9

The reason this is called "9 Series" for the Windows release is not apparent. In fact, that new naming scheme (with the word “Series”) was dropped by the next version.

Windows Media Player 10
Page about Windows Media Player 10 (for Windows XP), Windows Media Player 10 (for Windows XP), info on MP10 in 98. The Player 11 Release Notes are referenced by Windows Media Player download page for details of going from Media Player 11 to 10 to avoid needing to "lose any content that is protected with digital media usage rights."
Windows Media Player 11
Page about Windows Media Player 11, Windows Media Player 11 (for Windows XP), Windows Media Player 11 (64-bit) designed to work with Windows XP Professional x64 Edition.

Microsoft Windows Media Download Center page links to download page for Windows Media Player Plug-in for Firefox which adds Windows Media Player ActiveX control to Firefox in Windows XP and Vista, both x86 and x64 releases. Windows Media Player Firefox Plugin.

For a number of fixes, see the unofficial, third party site's page: MDGX WMP page.

MS02-032: Cumulative updates for WiMP 6.4, 7.1, and WiMP for XP

Media Player Classic
The Guliverkli project on SF.Net is home of a number of a large amount of media-playing related downloads, including three sub-areas that start with the phrase "Media Player Classic". Sept 9, 2007 article about Media Player Classic and MPlayer vulnerabilities There are, however, some newer releases: Wikipedia's article on Media Player Classic: section on Forks lists information. Free-Codecs.com page on Media Player Classic refers to a newer version.
MPlayer
A completely separate project from Windows Media Player (which has been known as mplayer.exe and mplayer2.exe with some versions).
QuickTime

See the Codecs download section.

Software by Real, such as Real Player
See the Codecs download section.
[#playoptd]: Video playback softare meant for optical discs (DVD's, BluRay, etc.)

[#playdvd]: DVD Playback software is described in this area.

Video on DVDs use some sort of MPEG technology. This section should become expanded. In the meantime, and even after it does, other files related to using DVDs may be found in other sections on the site. For a list of such references, see the CD/DVD page.

DVD playback software generally consists of the following major features:

  • Handling the encryption (a.k.a. copy protection) on DVDs so the files can be read so that the read files can be used for playback
  • Decoder software. (Hmm... what's this do? Same thing as encryption?)
  • Understanding the general DVD layout (to be able to process menus, etc.)
  • Playing back the video files

Because the handling of DVDs for playback and the ability to play back similarly encoded files is a trivial amount of core functionality (basically just controlling how the video data gets located), it is not uncommon for more generalized media players to support DVDs, and likewise it is not uncommon for DVD playing software to support loading video from a file on a hard drive. Therefore, for more options, see general media players.

Bundled with operating system
Windows 98/98SE
DVDPLAY. DVDPLAY comes with Win98 and Win98SE. For details, see newtip16.htm. DVDPLAY Guide indicates this may be found under Programs, Accessories, Entertainment. However, it very well may not be installed.
Newer versions of Microsoft Windows
Check for a version of MS WiMP. Windows 2000 comes with WiMP 6.4 and the slightly newer version of Windows, Windows Me, comes with MS WiMP 7. See the MS WiMP DVD playing section for details.
For DOS
http://www.freeweb.hu/doscdroast/dvd4dos.htm
[#mswmpdvd]: Microsoft's Windows Media Player (MS WiMP) DVD playing capabilities

To enable MS WiMP 6.4's DVD playback, one can simply use Media Player 6 DVD User Interface Registry File (mp6dvdui.reg): Having a modern Windows operating system attempting to execute this file should cause RegEdit to import its needed contents. MDGX: newtip16.htm quotes Andreas saying this software "is totally hardware oriented, not software bound like PowerDVD, WinDVD or CineMaster."

Newer versions of MS WiMP need even less coaxing to support DVDs. The options should just appear, if supported.

For Windows Media Player 9, if the right software isn't installed to support this, the DVD tab simply won't show up on the Tools,Options screen of WMP9.

Windows Media Player 9's help (Help, Help Topics/F1, Using the Player, Using DVDs) says "To play DVDs, you must have a DVD-ROM drive, and a software or hardware DVD decoder installed on your computer. If you do not have a compatible DVD decoder installed, DVD-related commands, options, and controls do not appear in the Player and you cannot play DVDs. By default, Windows does not include a DVD decoder. For more information about DVD decoders, see Windows Help." Windows Help, in turn, says "Your DVD hardware may require a decoder card and specific software. Check with your DVD and computer manufacturers for details."

[#viewimg]: Image Viewers

Commonly web browsers are used to view images. Other software that commonly views iamges includes image editing software and possibly some video playing software. Images may also be displayed within other types of software, such as screensavers. Image data is often supported by other file types, such as office documents.

GQView

GQview (for Unix) and GQview for Windows provides slideshow capabilities.

[video playing software may provide some options.

[#playcdau]: Playing CD audio

Playing CD audio is often a feature provided by software that plays music other than CD audio, including software that handles multimedia such as video playing software.

DOS
SJGPlay for DOS

SJGPlay for DOS, according to its web page, “has all the features you would expect in a CD player plus lyrics capability.” This software heavily depends on a library whose source code is not something the author has clear permission to distribute, and the software has been discontinued, so further development of the DOS version is not expected. The final version, version 1.29 from December 5, 1996, is available as a free download. A multimedia player that can play more media formats, SJGPlay for Windows, has also been created.

[#mmeditor]: Mediamedia file editing
Netpbm

Netpbm is a collection of programs. There seemed to be a larger number of convertors than editors, so information is in the converters section.

[A NAME="mmconvrt" HREF="#mmconvrt">#mmconvrt]: Multimedia file converters

One option may be to use graphical editors, as they can often load and save in multiple formats. However, this is often a more manual process, whereas these converts may be able to do things with less interaction. These converters may also help optimize some graphics, such as increasing the amount of data compression within an image. Note that extra conversions of lossy formats is not recommended.

Images
[#netpbm]: Netpbm

This collection of software contains many programs that will each convert from one file format to and from one of the Netpbm formats (which are the “pnm” formats of pbm, pgn, and ppm, as well as the pam format).

The Netpbm documentation: program directory lists the programs, which are generally named after the conversion features they offer, and provides hyperlinks to specific documentation on each program.

The programs are meant to be run from the command line. In many/most/all cases, the programs send graphical output to the “standard output” stream. (It is expected that this output may be redirected to a file.) Error messages may be shown to the “Standard Error” stream (sometimes called “stderr”).

The Netpbm documentation's main page contains information on a large number of other pieces of software to perform various tasks on images.

ImageMagick
This software is designed to be easily run from the command line.
Converters for other types of files (other than images)
...
Other software types
Categorizers?